chattr(1) - Linux man page

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This allows the user to ask for its undeletion. Some attributes include: File attributes Attribute ls flag chflags flag Owner-settable OS support Semantics and rationale Archived arch arch, archived No All Opaque opaque opaque Yes All Directory is opaque when viewed through a union mount No dump nodump nodump Yes All System append-only sappnd sappnd, sappend No All Existing data in the file can't be overwritten and the file cannot be truncated System immutable schg schg, schange, simmutable No All File cannot be changed, renamed, moved, or removed User append-only uappnd uappnd, uappend Yes All Existing data in the file can't be overwritten and the file cannot be truncated User immutable uchg uchg, uchange, uimmutable Yes All Existing data in the file can't be overwritten Hidden hidden hidden Yes macOS File is hidden by default in the GUI but not in ls. This is a hint to the block allocator used by ext3 and ext4 that the subdirectories under this directory are not related, and thus should be spread apart for allocation purposes.

These attributes may be implemented in future versions of the ext2 and ext3 filesystems. Note: As of this writing, the ext2 or ext3 filesystems do not yet, except in very experimental patches support tail-merging. A directory with the 'T' attribute will be deemed to be the top of directory hierarchies for the purposes of the Orlov block allocator. The following attributes are read-only, and may be listed by but not modified by chattr: huge file h , compression error E , indexed directory I , compression raw access X , and compressed dirty file Z.

CHATTR

Not to be confused with. Most , including , have always had analogous chflags to set, but no command specifically meant to display them; specific options to the command are used instead. The has no commands specifically meant to manipulate them. Other , in general, have no analogous commands. The similar-sounding commands from HP-UX and from AIX exist but have unrelated functions. Among other things, the chattr command is useful to make files immutable so that password files and certain system files cannot be erased during software upgrades. File system support The attributes chattr and lsattr manipulate were originally specific to the Second Extended Filesystem family , , , and are available as part of the package. However, the functionality has since been extended, fully or partially, to many other systems, including , , and. The btrfs file system includes the attribute functionality, including C which turns off the copy-on-write built in feature of btrfs due to slower performance associated with CoW. Even the originally targeted file systems miss some features, as pointed further in this article. File system support The chflags command is not specific to particular file systems. Symbolic links encountered in the tree traversal are not followed. This is the default. Displaying BSD-like systems, in general, have no default user-level command specifically meant to display the flags of a file. The will do with either the -lo, or the -lO, depending on the system, flags passed. Attributes All attributes can be set or cleared by the super-user; some can also be set or cleared by the owner of the file. Some attributes include: File attributes Attribute ls flag chflags flag Owner-settable OS support Semantics and rationale Archived arch arch, archived No All Opaque opaque opaque Yes All Directory is opaque when viewed through a union mount No dump nodump nodump Yes All System append-only sappnd sappnd, sappend No All Existing data in the file can't be overwritten and the file cannot be truncated System immutable schg schg, schange, simmutable No All File cannot be changed, renamed, moved, or removed User append-only uappnd uappnd, uappend Yes All Existing data in the file can't be overwritten and the file cannot be truncated User immutable uchg uchg, uchange, uimmutable Yes All Existing data in the file can't be overwritten Hidden hidden hidden Yes macOS File is hidden by default in the GUI but not in ls.

SEE ALSObtrfs 5. It may not be set or met usingalthough it can be displayed by. It is not known how to report bugs for this man page; if you know, please send a mail to man-pages man7. When a file with the 'A' attribute set is accessed, its atime record is not modified. For a directory with the ' D' attribute set is modified, the changes are written synchronously on the disk; this is equivalent man chattr the 'dirsync' mount option applied to a subset of the files. This is necessary for applications such as LILO which read the filesystem directly, and which don't understand el-merged files. A file with the 't' attribute will not have a partial block fragment at the end of the file merged with other files for those filesystems which support tail-merging. ATTRIBUTES When a file with the 'A' attribute set is accessed, its atime record is not modified. Piece: For man chattr, the 'C' flag should be set on new or empty files. The 'e' attribute indicates that the file is using extents man chattr mapping the blocks on disk. When a directory with the 'D' attribute set is modified, the changes are written synchronously on the disk; this is glad to the 'dirsync' mount option applied to a subset of the files. It is currently being maintained by Theodore Ts'o.